/* VeriTaus: an independent journal of record. Class prefix: vt- */

:root {
  --vt-paper: #f9f6ee;
  --vt-paper-deep: #f1ebde;
  --vt-paper-edge: #e6ddca;
  --vt-ink: #151515;
  --vt-ink-soft: #2f2c27;
  --vt-muted: #5f594e;
  --vt-hair: #d9d0bd;
  --vt-hair-strong: #b9ad94;
  --vt-field-edge: #8a7f6a;
  --vt-navy: #15294a;
  --vt-navy-soft: #2a4372;
  --vt-burgundy: #7d1d2c;
  --vt-burgundy-deep: #5e1320;
  --vt-gold: #a8874a;

  --vt-display: 'Playfair Display', Didot, 'Bodoni 72', 'Bodoni MT', 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif;
  --vt-text: 'Source Serif 4', 'Source Serif Pro', Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;

  --vt-max: 1240px;
  --vt-gutter: clamp(16px, 3.4vw, 40px);
  --vt-col: 680px;
  --vt-colgap: clamp(20px, 2.4vw, 32px);

  --vt-fs-label: 12.5px;
  --vt-fs-meta: 14px;
  --vt-ease: cubic-bezier(.2, .7, .2, 1);
}

/* ── Base ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */

*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; text-size-adjust: 100%; scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--vt-paper);
  color: var(--vt-ink);
  font: 400 17px/1.6 var(--vt-text);
  font-optical-sizing: auto;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  font-kerning: normal;
}
img { display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
a { color: inherit; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: .18em; }
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, ul, ol, figure, blockquote { margin: 0; }
ul, ol { padding: 0; }
button, input, textarea { font: inherit; color: inherit; }
::selection { background: #e9d6b4; color: var(--vt-ink); }

:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--vt-navy); outline-offset: 3px; border-radius: 1px; }
.vt-main:focus { outline: none; }

.vt-sr {
  position: absolute !important; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0; margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0 0 0 0); white-space: nowrap; border: 0;
}
.vt-skip {
  position: absolute; left: 16px; top: -60px; z-index: 50;
  background: var(--vt-ink); color: var(--vt-paper); padding: 10px 16px;
  font: 600 14px/1 var(--vt-text); letter-spacing: .04em; text-decoration: none;
  transition: top .15s var(--vt-ease);
}
.vt-skip:focus { top: 12px; }

.vt-wrap { width: 100%; max-width: calc(var(--vt-max) + 2 * var(--vt-gutter)); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 var(--vt-gutter); }
.vt-main { display: block; min-height: 50vh; }

.vt-clamp2, .vt-clamp3, .vt-clamp5 { display: -webkit-box; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; overflow: hidden; }
.vt-clamp2 { -webkit-line-clamp: 2; line-clamp: 2; }
.vt-clamp3 { -webkit-line-clamp: 3; line-clamp: 3; }
.vt-clamp5 { -webkit-line-clamp: 5; line-clamp: 5; }

/* ── Shared type ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */

.vt-kicker, .vt-eyebrow, .vt-label, .vt-railhead {
  font-family: var(--vt-text);
  font-size: var(--vt-fs-label);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.3;
  letter-spacing: .14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.vt-kicker { color: var(--vt-burgundy); margin-bottom: 8px; }
.vt-kicker a { text-decoration: none; }
.vt-kicker a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.vt-eyebrow { color: var(--vt-burgundy); }
.vt-eyebrow a { color: inherit; }
.vt-label { color: var(--vt-ink); }

.vt-hed { font-family: var(--vt-display); font-weight: 600; color: var(--vt-ink); letter-spacing: -.005em; text-wrap: balance; }
.vt-hed a { text-decoration: none; background-image: linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor); background-size: 0 1px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 0 92%; transition: background-size .35s var(--vt-ease), color .2s; }
.vt-hed a:hover { color: var(--vt-navy); background-size: 100% 1px; }
.vt-hed--xl { font-size: clamp(30px, 3.3vw, 46px); line-height: 1.22; letter-spacing: -.012em; }
.vt-hed--m { font-size: clamp(20px, 1.6vw, 23px); line-height: 1.3; }
.vt-hed--s { font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.32; font-weight: 600; }
.vt-hed--row { font-size: clamp(21px, 1.9vw, 26px); line-height: 1.3; }

.vt-dek { color: var(--vt-ink-soft); font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.55; margin-top: 10px; }
.vt-dek--lead { font-size: clamp(17px, 1.35vw, 19px); line-height: 1.55; margin-top: 14px; }

.vt-meta { margin-top: 12px; color: var(--vt-muted); font-size: var(--vt-fs-meta); line-height: 1.45; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; row-gap: 2px; }
.vt-meta a { color: var(--vt-ink-soft); text-decoration: none; }
.vt-meta a:hover { color: var(--vt-burgundy); text-decoration: underline; }
.vt-by a { font-weight: 600; color: var(--vt-ink); }
.vt-meta__i { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; white-space: nowrap; }
.vt-meta__i::before { content: ""; display: inline-block; width: 3px; height: 3px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--vt-hair-strong); margin: 0 9px; }
/* Every item carries its dot; the row is shifted left by one dot so the dot that starts each line (the first, or one wrapped) is clipped. */
.vt-meta { margin-left: -21px; clip-path: inset(-12px -12px -12px 13px); }
.vt-byline__meta .vt-meta__i:first-child::before { display: none; }

.vt-textlink {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px;
  font-size: var(--vt-fs-label); font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--vt-navy); text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px solid currentColor; padding-bottom: 2px;
  transition: color .2s;
}
.vt-textlink:hover { color: var(--vt-burgundy); }
.vt-quiet { color: var(--vt-muted); font-style: italic; }
.vt-quiet a { color: var(--vt-navy); }

/* ── Media & portraits ────────────────────────────────────────────────── */

.vt-media {
  display: block; position: relative; overflow: hidden;
  background: repeating-linear-gradient(135deg, transparent 0 7px, rgba(21, 21, 21, .045) 7px 8px), var(--vt-paper-edge);
}
.vt-media img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; transition: transform .6s var(--vt-ease), filter .3s; }
.vt-media--photo { aspect-ratio: 3 / 2; }
.vt-media--wide { aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; }
.vt-media--square { aspect-ratio: 1; }
a.vt-media:hover img { transform: scale(1.025); filter: saturate(1.05) contrast(1.02); }
.vt-media::after { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(21, 21, 21, .06); pointer-events: none; }

.vt-portrait {
  display: inline-grid; place-items: center; flex: none; border-radius: 50%; overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--vt-paper-deep); box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px var(--vt-hair-strong);
}
.vt-portrait img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; filter: grayscale(1) contrast(1.08) brightness(1.02); transition: filter .35s; }
a:hover > .vt-portrait img, .vt-columnist:hover .vt-portrait img { filter: grayscale(0); }
.vt-portrait--xs { width: 32px; height: 32px; font-size: 13px; }
.vt-portrait--sm { width: 48px; height: 48px; font-size: 18px; }
.vt-portrait--md { width: 72px; height: 72px; font-size: 26px; }
.vt-portrait--lg { width: 144px; height: 144px; font-size: 50px; }
.vt-portrait--mono {
  font-family: var(--vt-display); font-style: italic; font-weight: 600; color: var(--vt-navy); letter-spacing: .01em;
  background: radial-gradient(circle at 50% 38%, #fbf8f1 0, var(--vt-paper-deep) 70%);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px var(--vt-hair-strong), inset 0 0 0 4px var(--vt-paper), inset 0 0 0 5px var(--vt-hair);
}
.vt-portrait--lg.vt-portrait--mono { box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px var(--vt-hair-strong), inset 0 0 0 7px var(--vt-paper), inset 0 0 0 8px var(--vt-hair); }

/* ── Masthead ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */

.vt-mast { position: relative; }
.vt-mast__plate { position: relative; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; }
.vt-nameplate { margin: 0; line-height: 1; }
.vt-nameplate__link { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .16em; color: var(--vt-ink); text-decoration: none; }
.vt-nameplate__mark { width: 1.02em; height: 1.02em; flex: none; margin-top: -.04em; }
.vt-nameplate__word { font-family: var(--vt-display); font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: -.018em; line-height: 1; }
.vt-nameplate__link:hover .vt-nameplate__word { color: var(--vt-navy); }

.vt-mast--front .vt-mast__plate { padding: 34px 0 22px; }
.vt-mast--front .vt-nameplate { font-size: clamp(44px, 7.4vw, 104px); }

.vt-dateline {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr; align-items: center; gap: 16px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--vt-ink); padding: 9px 0 10px;
  font-size: 13px; color: var(--vt-ink-soft);
}
.vt-dateline__l, .vt-dateline__r { font-size: var(--vt-fs-label); font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.vt-dateline__r { text-align: right; }
.vt-dateline__r time { white-space: nowrap; }
.vt-dateline__c { font-style: italic; font-size: 16px; color: var(--vt-ink); }

.vt-nav {
  position: relative;
  border-top: 3px solid var(--vt-ink);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--vt-ink);
}
.vt-nav::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; top: 2px; height: 1px; background: var(--vt-paper); }
.vt-nav__list { list-style: none; display: flex; justify-content: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0 clamp(18px, 2.6vw, 40px); padding: 11px 0 10px; }
.vt-nav a {
  display: inline-block; padding: 3px 0; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .15em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--vt-ink); text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; transition: color .2s, border-color .2s;
}
.vt-nav a:hover { color: var(--vt-burgundy); border-bottom-color: currentColor; }
.vt-nav a[aria-current="page"] { color: var(--vt-burgundy); border-bottom-color: currentColor; }
.vt-nav__rss a { color: var(--vt-muted); }

.vt-mast--inner .vt-mast__plate { padding: 18px 0 14px; }
.vt-mast--inner .vt-nameplate { font-size: clamp(30px, 3.3vw, 42px); }
.vt-mast--inner .vt-nav { border-top-width: 1px; }
.vt-mast--inner .vt-nav::before { display: none; }
.vt-mast--inner .vt-nav__list { padding: 8px 0 7px; }
.vt-mast--inner .vt-wrap::after { content: ""; display: block; height: 1px; margin-top: 3px; background: var(--vt-ink); }

.vt-menu {
  display: none; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 50%; transform: translateY(-50%);
  align-items: center; gap: 8px; padding: 9px 10px; margin-left: -10px;
  background: none; border: 0; cursor: pointer; color: var(--vt-ink);
  font-size: 12.5px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase;
}
.vt-menu__bars { position: relative; width: 18px; height: 12px; display: inline-block; }
.vt-menu__bars::before, .vt-menu__bars::after, .vt-menu__bars span {
  content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; height: 1.5px; background: currentColor; transition: transform .25s var(--vt-ease), opacity .2s;
}
.vt-menu__bars::before { top: 0; }
.vt-menu__bars span { top: 5.25px; }
.vt-menu__bars::after { bottom: 0; }
.vt-menu[aria-expanded="true"] .vt-menu__bars::before { transform: translateY(5.25px) rotate(45deg); }
.vt-menu[aria-expanded="true"] .vt-menu__bars::after { transform: translateY(-5.25px) rotate(-45deg); }
.vt-menu[aria-expanded="true"] .vt-menu__bars span { opacity: 0; }

/* ── Front page ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */

.vt-front { padding: 28px 0 8px; }
.vt-front__grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 3fr) minmax(0, 6fr) minmax(0, 3fr);
  grid-template-areas: "side lead rail";
}
.vt-front__lead { grid-area: lead; padding: 0 var(--vt-colgap); }
.vt-front__side { grid-area: side; padding-right: var(--vt-colgap); border-right: 1px solid var(--vt-hair-strong); }
.vt-front__rail { grid-area: rail; padding-left: var(--vt-colgap); border-left: 1px solid var(--vt-hair-strong); }
.vt-front__grid--s0 { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 8fr) minmax(0, 4fr); grid-template-areas: "lead rail"; }
.vt-front__grid--s0 .vt-front__lead { padding-left: 0; }
.vt-front__grid--norail { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 4fr) minmax(0, 8fr); grid-template-areas: "side lead"; }
.vt-front__grid--norail .vt-front__lead { padding-right: 0; }
.vt-front__grid--s0.vt-front__grid--norail { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); grid-template-areas: "lead"; }

.vt-lead__media { margin-bottom: 18px; }
.vt-lead .vt-hed--xl { font-size: clamp(32px, 3.4vw, 48px); line-height: 1.22; }
.vt-lead--text { padding-top: 8px; }
.vt-lead--text .vt-hed--xl { font-size: clamp(36px, 4.4vw, 60px); }
.vt-lead--text .vt-dek--lead { font-size: 21px; }
.vt-lead .vt-dek--lead { max-width: 60ch; }

.vt-second + .vt-second { margin-top: 22px; padding-top: 22px; border-top: 1px solid var(--vt-hair); }
.vt-second__media { margin-bottom: 14px; }

.vt-railhead { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: var(--vt-ink); padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--vt-ink); margin-bottom: 4px; }
.vt-railhead::before { content: ""; width: 8px; height: 8px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--vt-burgundy); }
.vt-latest { list-style: none; }
.vt-latest__item { padding: 14px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--vt-hair); }
.vt-latest__when { font-size: 12.5px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--vt-muted); margin-bottom: 5px; }
.vt-latest__when a { color: var(--vt-burgundy); text-decoration: none; }
.vt-latest__when a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.vt-latest__by { margin-top: 6px; font-size: var(--vt-fs-meta); color: var(--vt-muted); }
.vt-latest__by a { text-decoration: none; }
.vt-latest__by a:hover { text-decoration: underline; color: var(--vt-burgundy); }
.vt-front__rail .vt-textlink { margin-top: 16px; }

/* ── Bands (section blocks) ───────────────────────────────────────────── */

.vt-band { padding-top: clamp(40px, 5vw, 64px); }
.vt-band--tight { padding-top: 48px; }
.vt-bandhead {
  position: relative;
  display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: baseline; gap: 6px 22px;
  padding-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 26px;
  border-top: 3px solid var(--vt-ink);
}
.vt-bandhead::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; top: 2px; height: 1px; background: var(--vt-paper); }
.vt-bandhead::after { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; top: 4px; height: 1px; background: var(--vt-ink); }
.vt-bandhead__title { font-family: var(--vt-display); font-size: clamp(26px, 2.4vw, 32px); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.22; letter-spacing: -.01em; }
.vt-bandhead__note { font-style: italic; color: var(--vt-muted); font-size: 16px; }
.vt-bandhead__link { margin-left: auto; }

/* Ruled grids: every item draws a rule in the gap on its left; rules of first-in-row items fall outside and are clipped. */
.vt-grid, .vt-columnists { display: grid; column-gap: calc(var(--vt-colgap) * 2); clip-path: inset(-12px -12px -12px -8px); }
.vt-grid { row-gap: 40px; }
.vt-grid--3 { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
.vt-grid--4 { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
.vt-grid > *, .vt-columnist { position: relative; }
.vt-grid > *::after, .vt-columnist::after { content: ""; position: absolute; top: 0; bottom: 0; left: calc(var(--vt-colgap) * -1 - .5px); border-left: 1px solid var(--vt-hair); pointer-events: none; }
.vt-card__media { margin-bottom: 14px; }
.vt-card--text { padding-top: 2px; }
.vt-card--text .vt-hed--m { font-size: clamp(22px, 1.9vw, 26px); }
.vt-card--text::before { content: ""; display: block; width: 36px; height: 3px; background: var(--vt-burgundy); margin-bottom: 14px; }
.vt-card--compact .vt-hed--m { font-size: clamp(20px, 1.6vw, 22px); }
.vt-card--compact .vt-dek { font-size: 15.5px; }

/* Columnists */
.vt-columnists { list-style: none; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr)); row-gap: 28px; }
.vt-columnist { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 72px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 18px; align-items: start; padding: 4px 0 8px; }
.vt-columnist__portrait { display: block; text-decoration: none; }
.vt-columnist__name { font-family: var(--vt-display); font-size: 22px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.28; }
.vt-columnist__name a { text-decoration: none; }
.vt-columnist__name a:hover { color: var(--vt-navy); text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; }
.vt-columnist__bio { margin-top: 6px; font-style: italic; font-size: 15.5px; line-height: 1.5; color: var(--vt-ink-soft); }
.vt-columnist__meta span:not([aria-hidden]) { white-space: nowrap; }
.vt-columnist__meta { margin-top: 8px; font-size: 12.5px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--vt-muted); }

/* Sections index with dot leaders */
.vt-index { list-style: none; columns: 3 260px; column-gap: calc(var(--vt-colgap) * 2); column-rule: 1px solid var(--vt-hair); }
.vt-index li { break-inside: avoid; }
.vt-index a { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 10px; padding: 9px 0; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--vt-hair); }
.vt-index__name { font-family: var(--vt-display); font-size: 19px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.32; }
.vt-index__dots { flex: 1; min-width: 16px; border-bottom: 1.5px dotted var(--vt-hair-strong); transform: translateY(-5px); }
.vt-index__n { flex: none; min-width: 2ch; text-align: right; font-family: var(--vt-text); font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums tabular-nums; color: var(--vt-ink-soft); transition: color .2s; }
.vt-index a:hover .vt-index__n { color: var(--vt-burgundy); }
.vt-index a:hover .vt-index__name { color: var(--vt-navy); text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; }

.vt-empty { text-align: center; padding: 80px 0 40px; }
.vt-empty__title { font-family: var(--vt-display); font-size: 34px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.24; margin-bottom: 12px; }

/* ── Column (profile) ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── */

.vt-colcover { position: relative; max-width: calc(var(--vt-max) + 2 * var(--vt-gutter)); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 var(--vt-gutter); }
.vt-colcover img { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 16 / 4; object-fit: cover; filter: grayscale(.35) contrast(1.04); background: var(--vt-paper-edge); }
.vt-colhead { padding-top: 44px; }
.vt-colhead--cover { padding-top: 0; }
.vt-colhead__portrait { position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.vt-colhead--cover .vt-colhead__portrait { margin-top: -64px; margin-left: 28px; }
.vt-colhead--cover .vt-colhead__portrait .vt-portrait { box-shadow: 0 0 0 6px var(--vt-paper), 0 0 0 7px var(--vt-hair-strong); }
.vt-colhead__in { display: grid; grid-template-columns: auto minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 36px; align-items: start; padding-bottom: 36px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--vt-ink); position: relative; }
.vt-colhead__in::after { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: -4px; height: 1px; background: var(--vt-ink); }
.vt-colhead--cover .vt-colhead__text { padding-top: 26px; }
.vt-colhead__name { font-family: var(--vt-display); font-size: clamp(40px, 5.2vw, 68px); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.2; letter-spacing: -.02em; margin-top: 10px; }
.vt-colhead__bio { margin-top: 14px; max-width: 46ch; font-size: clamp(18px, 1.6vw, 22px); font-style: italic; line-height: 1.45; color: var(--vt-ink-soft); }
.vt-colhead__meta {
  list-style: none; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 6px 14px; margin: 18px 0 0 -15px;
  clip-path: inset(-6px -6px -6px 10px);
  font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--vt-muted);
}
.vt-colhead__meta li { display: block; padding-left: 14px; border-left: 1px solid var(--vt-hair-strong); line-height: 1.25; }
.vt-colhead__site { color: var(--vt-navy); text-transform: none; letter-spacing: .01em; font-size: 15px; }
.vt-colhead__site:hover { color: var(--vt-burgundy); }

.vt-split { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 320px; gap: 0 56px; padding-top: 40px; }
.vt-split__side { border-left: 1px solid var(--vt-hair-strong); padding-left: 32px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 36px; }
.vt-labelrow { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: baseline; gap: 16px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--vt-ink); }
.vt-labelrow__aside { font-size: 13px; color: var(--vt-muted); font-style: italic; }

.vt-tabs ul { list-style: none; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px 0; padding: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--vt-hair); }
.vt-tabs li { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; }
.vt-tabs li + li::before { content: ""; width: 1px; height: 14px; background: var(--vt-hair-strong); margin: 0 14px; }
.vt-tabs a { font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--vt-ink-soft); text-decoration: none; padding: 2px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; }
.vt-tabs a:hover { color: var(--vt-burgundy); border-bottom-color: currentColor; }
.vt-tabs a[aria-current="page"] { color: var(--vt-burgundy); border-bottom-color: currentColor; }
.vt-tabs__n { font-weight: 400; color: var(--vt-muted); font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }

.vt-rows { list-style: none; }
.vt-row { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--vt-hair); }
.vt-row__in { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 92px minmax(0, 1fr) 200px; gap: 0 28px; padding: 26px 0; }
.vt-row--text .vt-row__in { grid-template-columns: 92px minmax(0, 1fr); }
.vt-row__date { padding-top: 2px; }
.vt-stackdate { display: flex; flex-direction: column; border-top: 2px solid var(--vt-ink); padding-top: 8px; }
.vt-stackdate__md { font-family: var(--vt-display); font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.2; color: var(--vt-ink); }
.vt-stackdate__y { font-size: 12.5px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .14em; color: var(--vt-muted); margin-top: 3px; }
.vt-row__body .vt-dek { margin-top: 8px; }
.vt-row__body .vt-meta { margin-top: 10px; }
.vt-row__thumb { align-self: start; }

.vt-pager { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr; align-items: center; gap: 16px; margin-top: 28px; padding-top: 16px; border-top: 2px solid var(--vt-ink); }
.vt-pager__link { font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; text-decoration: none; color: var(--vt-navy); }
.vt-pager__link:hover { color: var(--vt-burgundy); text-decoration: underline; }
.vt-pager__link--next { justify-self: end; }
.vt-pager__pos { font-style: italic; color: var(--vt-muted); font-size: 15px; }

.vt-hub { margin-bottom: 52px; }
.vt-hub__body { max-width: 640px; margin-top: 20px; font-size: 17.5px; line-height: 1.65; color: var(--vt-ink-soft); overflow-wrap: break-word; }
.vt-hub__body > * + * { margin-top: 14px; }
.vt-hub__body > p:first-child { font-size: 1.1em; font-style: italic; color: var(--vt-ink); }
.vt-hub__body h2, .vt-hub__body h3, .vt-hub__body h4 { font-family: var(--vt-display); font-weight: 700; color: var(--vt-ink); line-height: 1.3; margin-top: 26px; }
.vt-hub__body h2 { font-size: 24px; }
.vt-hub__body h3 { font-size: 21px; padding-top: 16px; border-top: 1px solid var(--vt-hair); }
.vt-hub__body h4 { font-size: 17px; }
.vt-hub__body ul, .vt-hub__body ol { list-style: none; }
.vt-hub__body li { position: relative; padding: 8px 0 8px 20px; border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--vt-hair-strong); }
.vt-hub__body li::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 2px; top: 19px; width: 6px; height: 6px; background: var(--vt-burgundy); transform: rotate(45deg); }
.vt-hub__body a { color: var(--vt-navy); text-decoration-color: rgba(21, 41, 74, .35); }
.vt-hub__body a:hover { color: var(--vt-burgundy); text-decoration-color: currentColor; }

.vt-follow, .vt-authorcard { font-size: 15.5px; color: var(--vt-ink-soft); }
.vt-follow > p { margin-top: 12px; font-style: italic; }
.vt-follow__links { list-style: none; margin-top: 12px; border-top: 1px solid var(--vt-hair); }
.vt-follow__links li { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--vt-hair); }
.vt-follow__links a { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 12px; padding: 9px 0; color: var(--vt-navy); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.vt-follow__links a::after { content: "→"; color: var(--vt-hair-strong); transition: color .2s, transform .2s var(--vt-ease); }
.vt-follow__links a:hover { color: var(--vt-burgundy); }
.vt-follow__links a:hover::after { color: var(--vt-burgundy); transform: translateX(3px); }

.vt-authorcard__top { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 14px; margin-top: 16px; }
.vt-authorcard__top > a { text-decoration: none; }
.vt-authorcard__name { font-family: var(--vt-display); font-size: 22px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.28; color: var(--vt-ink); }
.vt-authorcard__name a { text-decoration: none; }
.vt-authorcard__name a:hover { text-decoration: underline; color: var(--vt-navy); }
.vt-authorcard__bio { margin-top: 12px; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.5; }

/* ── Page heads: section of a column, topic ───────────────────────────── */

.vt-pagehead { padding-top: 30px; }
.vt-pagehead__in { padding-bottom: 34px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--vt-ink); position: relative; }
.vt-pagehead__in::after { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: -4px; height: 1px; background: var(--vt-ink); }
.vt-crumbs ol { list-style: none; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px 0; font-size: 13.5px; color: var(--vt-muted); margin-bottom: 22px; }
.vt-crumbs li { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; }
.vt-crumbs li + li::before { content: "/"; margin: 0 10px; color: var(--vt-hair-strong); }
.vt-crumbs a { color: var(--vt-ink-soft); text-decoration: none; }
.vt-crumbs a:hover { color: var(--vt-burgundy); text-decoration: underline; }
.vt-pagehead__title { font-family: var(--vt-display); font-size: clamp(40px, 5.4vw, 72px); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.2; letter-spacing: -.02em; margin-top: 12px; }
.vt-pagehead__meta { margin-top: 14px; font-style: italic; color: var(--vt-muted); font-size: 17px; }

.vt-topichead { text-align: center; padding: 40px 0 34px; }
.vt-topichead .vt-wrap { position: relative; }
.vt-topichead__title {
  font-family: var(--vt-display); font-size: clamp(46px, 8vw, 112px); font-weight: 800; font-style: italic;
  line-height: 1.18; letter-spacing: -.02em; margin: 12px 0 18px; text-wrap: balance;
}
.vt-topichead__meta {
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 16px;
  font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--vt-muted);
}
.vt-topichead__meta::before, .vt-topichead__meta::after { content: ""; flex: 1; height: 1px; background: var(--vt-ink); }
.vt-topichead__meta span { margin: 0 -8px; }
.vt-topichead__rule { height: 1px; background: var(--vt-ink); }
.vt-topicempty { text-align: center; font-size: 19px; padding: 6px 0 10px; }

.vt-topiclead { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 7fr) minmax(0, 5fr); gap: 0 var(--vt-colgap); padding: 8px 0 8px; align-items: center; }
.vt-topiclead__text { padding-left: var(--vt-colgap); }
.vt-topiclead--text { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); text-align: center; max-width: 860px; margin: 0 auto; padding-top: 8px; }
.vt-topiclead--text .vt-topiclead__text { padding: 0; }
.vt-topiclead--text .vt-meta { justify-content: center; margin-left: 0; clip-path: none; }
.vt-topiclead--text .vt-meta__i:first-child::before { display: none; }
.vt-topiclead--text .vt-hed--xl { font-size: clamp(34px, 4.4vw, 58px); }
.vt-backlinks { display: flex; gap: 28px; justify-content: center; padding: 20px 0 0; }

/* ── Story ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */

.vt-story { padding-top: clamp(28px, 4vw, 52px); }
.vt-story__head { max-width: 860px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 var(--vt-gutter); text-align: center; }
.vt-story__kicker { font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--vt-burgundy); }
.vt-story__kicker a { text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(125, 29, 44, .35); padding-bottom: 2px; }
.vt-story__kicker a:hover { border-bottom-color: currentColor; }
.vt-story__title {
  font-family: var(--vt-display); font-weight: 700; font-size: clamp(34px, 4.6vw, 60px);
  line-height: 1.24; letter-spacing: -.018em; margin-top: 18px; text-wrap: balance;
}
.vt-story__dek { max-width: 660px; margin: 20px auto 0; font-size: clamp(18px, 1.65vw, 22px); line-height: 1.5; font-style: italic; color: var(--vt-ink-soft); text-wrap: pretty; }
.vt-byline { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 14px; margin-top: 28px; text-align: left; padding: 14px 0 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--vt-hair); }
.vt-byline__portrait { text-decoration: none; }
.vt-byline__name { font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.vt-byline__name a { text-decoration: none; }
.vt-byline__name a:hover { color: var(--vt-burgundy); text-decoration: underline; }
.vt-byline__meta { margin-top: 3px; font-size: 14.5px; color: var(--vt-muted); display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; }
.vt-byline__meta a { color: var(--vt-navy); text-decoration: none; }
.vt-byline__meta a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

.vt-story__figure { max-width: calc(1080px + 2 * var(--vt-gutter)); margin: 36px auto 0; padding: 0 var(--vt-gutter); }
.vt-ornament { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 18px; max-width: var(--vt-col); margin: 34px auto 0; padding: 0 var(--vt-gutter); box-sizing: content-box; }
.vt-ornament span { flex: 1; height: 1px; background: var(--vt-hair-strong); }
.vt-ornament__mark { width: 40px; height: 40px; flex: none; }

.vt-story__body { max-width: var(--vt-col); margin: 40px auto 0; padding: 0 var(--vt-gutter); box-sizing: content-box; }

/* Prose (story body, about page) */
.vt-prose { font-size: clamp(18px, 1.3vw, 20px); line-height: 1.7; color: var(--vt-ink); overflow-wrap: break-word; }
.vt-prose > * + * { margin-top: 1.1em; }
.vt-prose > p:first-child::first-letter {
  float: left; font-family: var(--vt-display); font-weight: 700; color: var(--vt-burgundy);
  font-size: 4.15em; line-height: .82; margin: .07em .09em 0 0;
}
@supports (initial-letter: 3) or (-webkit-initial-letter: 3) {
  .vt-prose > p:first-child::first-letter { float: none; -webkit-initial-letter: 3; initial-letter: 3; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0 .12em 0 0; }
}
.vt-prose h2 { font-family: var(--vt-display); font-size: clamp(24px, 2.1vw, 30px); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.3; letter-spacing: -.008em; margin-top: 1.8em; }
.vt-prose h3 { font-family: var(--vt-display); font-size: clamp(20px, 1.7vw, 24px); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.32; margin-top: 1.6em; }
.vt-prose h4, .vt-prose h5, .vt-prose h6 { font-size: 15px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; margin-top: 1.6em; }
.vt-prose h2 + *, .vt-prose h3 + *, .vt-prose h4 + * { margin-top: .6em; }
.vt-prose a { color: var(--vt-navy); text-decoration-color: rgba(21, 41, 74, .4); text-decoration-thickness: 1px; }
.vt-prose a:hover { color: var(--vt-burgundy); text-decoration-color: currentColor; }
.vt-prose strong, .vt-prose b { font-weight: 700; }
.vt-prose ul, .vt-prose ol { padding-left: 1.5em; }
.vt-prose li + li { margin-top: .45em; }
.vt-prose ul { list-style: none; padding-left: 1.4em; }
.vt-prose ul > li { position: relative; }
.vt-prose ul > li::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: -1.05em; top: .72em; width: .32em; height: .32em; background: var(--vt-burgundy); transform: rotate(45deg); }
.vt-prose ol > li::marker { font-family: var(--vt-display); font-weight: 700; color: var(--vt-burgundy); }
.vt-prose blockquote {
  position: relative; margin: 1.9em 0; padding: 30px 0 24px; text-align: center;
  border-top: 3px solid var(--vt-ink); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--vt-ink);
  font-family: var(--vt-display); font-style: italic; font-weight: 500;
  font-size: clamp(22px, 2vw, 27px); line-height: 1.45; color: var(--vt-ink); text-wrap: balance;
}
.vt-prose blockquote::before {
  content: "\201C"; position: absolute; left: 50%; top: -.52em; transform: translateX(-50%);
  padding: 0 14px; background: var(--vt-paper); color: var(--vt-burgundy);
  font-size: 2.3em; line-height: 1; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700;
}
.vt-prose blockquote p + p { margin-top: .6em; }
.vt-prose blockquote cite { display: block; margin-top: 12px; font-family: var(--vt-text); font-style: normal; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--vt-muted); }
.vt-prose figure img, .vt-prose > img, .vt-prose p > img { width: 100%; height: auto; }
.vt-prose figcaption { margin-top: 8px; font-size: 14px; color: var(--vt-muted); font-style: italic; }
.vt-prose hr { border: 0; height: auto; text-align: center; margin: 2em 0; }
.vt-prose hr::before { content: "\2042"; color: var(--vt-burgundy); font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: .4em; }
.vt-prose code, .vt-prose kbd { font-family: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Consolas, monospace; font-size: .85em; background: var(--vt-paper-deep); padding: .1em .35em; border-radius: 2px; }
.vt-prose pre { overflow-x: auto; background: var(--vt-paper-deep); border-left: 3px solid var(--vt-navy); padding: 16px 18px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.55; }
.vt-prose pre code { background: none; padding: 0; }
.vt-prose table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: .85em; display: block; overflow-x: auto; }
.vt-prose th, .vt-prose td { text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--vt-hair); }
.vt-prose th { border-bottom: 2px solid var(--vt-ink); font-weight: 700; }
.vt-prose mark { background: #f0dfb8; color: inherit; padding: 0 .15em; }
.vt-story__body > p:last-child::after { content: ""; display: inline-block; width: .5em; height: .5em; margin-left: .45em; background: var(--vt-burgundy); vertical-align: baseline; }

/* Footnote-style filing notes */
.vt-notes { max-width: var(--vt-col); margin: 44px auto 0; padding: 0 var(--vt-gutter); box-sizing: content-box; }
.vt-notes__list { list-style: none; counter-reset: vtnote; padding-top: 16px; position: relative; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.55; color: var(--vt-muted); }
.vt-notes__list::before { content: ""; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 96px; height: 1px; background: var(--vt-ink); }
.vt-notes__list li { counter-increment: vtnote; position: relative; padding-left: 22px; }
.vt-notes__list li + li { margin-top: 5px; }
.vt-notes__list li::before { content: counter(vtnote); position: absolute; left: 0; top: -.25em; font-family: var(--vt-display); font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--vt-burgundy); }
.vt-notes__list a { color: var(--vt-ink-soft); text-decoration-color: var(--vt-hair-strong); }
.vt-notes__list a:hover { color: var(--vt-burgundy); text-decoration-color: currentColor; }

/* About the columnist */
.vt-aboutwriter {
  max-width: var(--vt-col); margin: 48px auto 0; padding: 26px var(--vt-gutter) 0; box-sizing: content-box;
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 72px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 20px; align-items: start;
  position: relative;
}
.vt-aboutwriter::before { content: ""; position: absolute; top: 0; left: var(--vt-gutter); right: var(--vt-gutter); border-top: 3px solid var(--vt-ink); }
.vt-aboutwriter__portrait { text-decoration: none; }
.vt-aboutwriter__name { margin-top: 6px; font-family: var(--vt-display); font-size: 24px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.28; }
.vt-aboutwriter__name a { text-decoration: none; }
.vt-aboutwriter__name a:hover { color: var(--vt-navy); text-decoration: underline; }
.vt-aboutwriter__bio { margin-top: 6px; font-style: italic; color: var(--vt-ink-soft); font-size: 16.5px; line-height: 1.5; }
.vt-aboutwriter__links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px 22px; margin-top: 12px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; }
.vt-aboutwriter__links a { color: var(--vt-navy); text-decoration-color: rgba(21, 41, 74, .35); overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.vt-aboutwriter__links a:hover { color: var(--vt-burgundy); }

/* ── Comments ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */

.vt-comments { max-width: var(--vt-col); margin: 56px auto 0; padding: 0 var(--vt-gutter); box-sizing: content-box; scroll-margin-top: 20px; }
.vt-comments__head { display: flex; align-items: baseline; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; padding-bottom: 12px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--vt-ink); }
.vt-comments__title { font-family: var(--vt-display); font-size: 30px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.2; }
.vt-comments__count { font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--vt-muted); }
.vt-comments__empty { padding: 22px 0; font-style: italic; color: var(--vt-muted); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--vt-hair); }

.vt-commentlist { list-style: none; }
.vt-comment { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 42px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 16px; padding: 22px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--vt-hair); scroll-margin-top: 20px; }
.vt-comment__avatar {
  width: 42px; height: 42px; border-radius: 50%; display: grid; place-items: center;
  background: var(--vt-navy); color: var(--vt-paper); font-family: var(--vt-display); font-style: italic; font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px;
}
.vt-comment--author .vt-comment__avatar { background: var(--vt-burgundy); }
.vt-comment__head { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: baseline; gap: 2px 12px; }
.vt-comment__name { font-weight: 700; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.vt-badge {
  display: inline-block; padding: 2px 7px 1px; border: 1px solid var(--vt-burgundy); color: var(--vt-burgundy);
  font-size: 11px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; line-height: 1.4;
}
.vt-comment__date { font-size: 14px; color: var(--vt-muted); }
.vt-comment__body { margin-top: 6px; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--vt-ink-soft); overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.vt-comment__body p + p { margin-top: .7em; }
.vt-comment:target { background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(168, 135, 74, .14), transparent 70%); }

.vt-respond { margin-top: 34px; padding: 26px clamp(18px, 3vw, 32px) 28px; background: var(--vt-paper-deep); border-top: 3px solid var(--vt-ink); position: relative; }
.vt-respond__title { font-family: var(--vt-display); font-size: 23px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.25; }
.vt-respond__note { margin-top: 6px; font-style: italic; color: var(--vt-muted); font-size: 15.5px; }
.vt-form { margin-top: 20px; display: grid; gap: 18px; }
.vt-field { display: grid; gap: 7px; }
.vt-field__label { font-size: 12.5px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--vt-ink); }
.vt-input {
  width: 100%; padding: 11px 13px; background: #fffdf8; border: 1px solid var(--vt-field-edge); border-radius: 0;
  font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.45; color: var(--vt-ink); transition: border-color .2s, box-shadow .2s;
  -webkit-appearance: none; appearance: none;
}
.vt-input:hover { border-color: var(--vt-muted); }
.vt-input:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--vt-navy); outline-offset: 1px; border-color: var(--vt-navy); }
.vt-input--area { resize: vertical; min-height: 140px; }
.vt-hp { position: absolute; left: -10000px; top: auto; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; }
.vt-form__actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 12px 18px; }
.vt-btn {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 8px;
  padding: 13px 24px; border: 1px solid var(--vt-ink); background: var(--vt-ink); color: var(--vt-paper);
  font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase; cursor: pointer;
  transition: background .2s, color .2s, border-color .2s;
}
.vt-btn:hover { background: var(--vt-navy); border-color: var(--vt-navy); }
.vt-btn:active { transform: translateY(1px); }
.vt-btn:disabled { opacity: .6; cursor: progress; }
.vt-form__hint { font-size: 14px; color: var(--vt-muted); font-style: italic; }
.vt-status { min-height: 1.5em; font-size: 15.5px; line-height: 1.5; color: var(--vt-ink-soft); }
.vt-status:empty { min-height: 0; margin-top: -18px; }
.vt-status:not(:empty) { padding: 12px 14px; background: #fffdf8; border-left: 3px solid var(--vt-navy); }
.vt-status[data-state="pending"], .vt-status[data-state="posted"] { border-left-color: #2f6b45; color: #234d33; }
.vt-status[data-state="invalid"], .vt-status[data-state="error"] { border-left-color: var(--vt-burgundy); color: var(--vt-burgundy-deep); }

.vt-moreby { padding-top: 64px; }
.vt-moreby .vt-hed--m { font-size: 20px; }

/* ── About page ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */

.vt-page { padding: clamp(34px, 5vw, 64px) 0 0; }
.vt-page__head { max-width: 760px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 var(--vt-gutter); text-align: center; }
.vt-page__mark { width: 64px; height: 64px; margin: 0 auto 18px; display: block; }
.vt-page__title { font-family: var(--vt-display); font-size: clamp(40px, 5.4vw, 68px); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.2; letter-spacing: -.02em; margin-top: 12px; text-wrap: balance; }
.vt-page__dek { margin-top: 14px; font-style: italic; font-size: clamp(18px, 1.6vw, 22px); color: var(--vt-ink-soft); }
.vt-page__body { max-width: var(--vt-col); margin: 40px auto 0; padding: 30px var(--vt-gutter) 0; box-sizing: content-box; position: relative; }
.vt-page__body::before { content: ""; position: absolute; top: 0; left: var(--vt-gutter); right: var(--vt-gutter); height: 4px; border-top: 3px solid var(--vt-ink); }
.vt-page__body > p:first-child { font-size: 1.12em; }

/* ── 404 notice ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */

.vt-notice { max-width: 760px; margin: clamp(40px, 7vw, 88px) auto 0; padding: 34px 0 0; text-align: center; border-top: 3px solid var(--vt-ink); position: relative; }
.vt-notice::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; top: 2px; height: 1px; background: var(--vt-paper); }
.vt-notice__title { font-family: var(--vt-display); font-size: clamp(36px, 5vw, 60px); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.2; letter-spacing: -.015em; margin-top: 16px; text-wrap: balance; }
.vt-notice__dek { max-width: 580px; margin: 18px auto 0; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.55; font-style: italic; color: var(--vt-ink-soft); }
.vt-notice__links { list-style: none; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); margin-top: 36px; border-top: 1px solid var(--vt-ink); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--vt-ink); }
.vt-notice__links li + li { border-left: 1px solid var(--vt-hair); }
.vt-notice__links a { display: block; padding: 16px 10px; font-family: var(--vt-display); font-size: 18px; font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; transition: background .2s, color .2s; }
.vt-notice__links a:hover { background: var(--vt-paper-deep); color: var(--vt-burgundy); }

/* ── Footer ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */

.vt-foot { margin-top: clamp(64px, 8vw, 104px); background: var(--vt-paper-deep); border-top: 3px solid var(--vt-ink); position: relative; }
.vt-foot::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; top: 2px; height: 1px; background: var(--vt-paper); }
.vt-foot::after { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; top: 4px; height: 1px; background: var(--vt-ink); }
.vt-foot__grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 2fr) minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 32px var(--vt-colgap); padding: 44px 0 36px; }
.vt-foot__plate { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; text-decoration: none; color: var(--vt-ink); font-family: var(--vt-display); font-size: 32px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: -.015em; line-height: 1; }
.vt-foot__mark { width: 38px; height: 38px; }
.vt-foot__motto { margin-top: 12px; font-style: italic; font-size: 17px; color: var(--vt-ink); }
.vt-foot__about { margin-top: 8px; max-width: 46ch; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.55; color: var(--vt-muted); }
.vt-foot__col { padding-left: var(--vt-colgap); border-left: 1px solid var(--vt-hair-strong); }
.vt-foot__h { font-size: 12.5px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--vt-ink); padding-bottom: 8px; }
.vt-foot__col ul { list-style: none; }
.vt-foot__col li + li { margin-top: 2px; }
.vt-foot__col a { display: inline-block; padding: 4px 0; font-size: 15.5px; color: var(--vt-ink-soft); text-decoration: none; }
.vt-foot__col a:hover { color: var(--vt-burgundy); text-decoration: underline; }
.vt-foot__base { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; flex-wrap: wrap; padding: 14px 0 22px; border-top: 1px solid var(--vt-hair-strong); font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--vt-muted); }

/* ── Responsive ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */

/* A lone lead story (no side stories, no rail) sits beside its image instead of becoming one giant photo. */
@media (min-width: 760px) {
  .vt-front__grid--s0.vt-front__grid--norail .vt-lead:not(.vt-lead--text) { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 7fr) minmax(0, 5fr); gap: 0 calc(var(--vt-colgap) * 1.5); align-items: center; }
  .vt-front__grid--s0.vt-front__grid--norail .vt-lead__media { margin: 0; }
  .vt-front__grid--s0.vt-front__grid--norail .vt-lead--text { max-width: 900px; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center; }
  .vt-front__grid--s0.vt-front__grid--norail .vt-lead--text .vt-meta { justify-content: center; margin-left: 0; clip-path: none; }
  .vt-front__grid--s0.vt-front__grid--norail .vt-lead--text .vt-meta__i:first-child::before { display: none; }
  .vt-front__grid--s0.vt-front__grid--norail .vt-lead--text .vt-dek--lead { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }
}

@media (max-width: 1099px) {
  .vt-front__grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 3fr) minmax(0, 5fr) minmax(0, 3fr); }
  .vt-front__grid--s0 { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 7fr) minmax(0, 4fr); }
  .vt-front__grid--norail { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 4fr) minmax(0, 7fr); }
  .vt-front__grid--s0.vt-front__grid--norail { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .vt-grid--4 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .vt-split { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 280px; gap: 0 36px; }
  .vt-split__side { padding-left: 28px; }
  .vt-row__in { grid-template-columns: 80px minmax(0, 1fr) 160px; gap: 0 22px; }
  .vt-row--text .vt-row__in { grid-template-columns: 80px minmax(0, 1fr); }
}

@media (max-width: 999px) {
  .vt-dateline { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto; }
  .vt-dateline__l, .vt-dateline__wd { display: none; }
}

@media (max-width: 959px) {
  .vt-front__grid, .vt-front__grid--norail { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr); grid-template-areas: "lead lead" "side rail"; }
  .vt-front__grid--s0 { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); grid-template-areas: "lead" "rail"; }
  .vt-front__grid--norail { grid-template-areas: "lead lead" "side side"; }
  .vt-front__grid--s0.vt-front__grid--norail { grid-template-areas: "lead"; }
  .vt-front__lead { padding: 0 0 28px; margin-bottom: 28px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--vt-hair-strong); }
  .vt-front__grid--s0.vt-front__grid--norail .vt-front__lead { padding-bottom: 0; margin-bottom: 0; border-bottom: 0; }
  .vt-front__side { border-right: 1px solid var(--vt-hair-strong); }
  .vt-front__rail { border-left: 0; }
  .vt-front__grid--s0 .vt-front__rail, .vt-front__grid--norail .vt-front__side { padding: 0; border: 0; }
}

/* Tablets and small laptops: the lead story keeps a newspaper split (image beside text) so its headline stays above the fold. */
@media (min-width: 760px) and (max-width: 959px) {
  .vt-lead:not(.vt-lead--text) { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 7fr) minmax(0, 5fr); gap: 0 var(--vt-colgap); align-items: center; }
  .vt-lead:not(.vt-lead--text) .vt-lead__media { margin: 0; }
  .vt-lead:not(.vt-lead--text) .vt-hed--xl { font-size: 30px; }
  .vt-lead:not(.vt-lead--text) .vt-dek--lead { font-size: 17px; }
  .vt-lead .vt-meta__i--read { display: none; }
}

@media (max-width: 899px) {
  .vt-split { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .vt-split__side { border-left: 0; padding: 40px 0 0; margin-top: 8px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(260px, 1fr)); gap: 32px; }
  .vt-grid--3 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .vt-topiclead { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .vt-topiclead__text { padding: 20px 0 0; }
  .vt-foot__grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .vt-foot__brand { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
  .vt-foot__col:nth-child(2) { padding-left: 0; border-left: 0; }
  .vt-notice__links { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .vt-notice__links li:nth-child(3) { border-left: 0; }
  .vt-notice__links li:nth-child(n + 3) { border-top: 1px solid var(--vt-hair); }
}

@media (max-width: 759px) {
  body { font-size: 16.5px; }
  .vt-menu { display: inline-flex; }
  .vt-mast--front .vt-mast__plate { padding: 22px 0 16px; justify-content: center; }
  .vt-mast--front .vt-nameplate { font-size: clamp(36px, 11vw, 52px); }
  .vt-mast--inner .vt-mast__plate { padding: 14px 0 12px; }
  .vt-mast--inner .vt-nameplate { font-size: 28px; }
  .vt-mast__plate .vt-menu__label { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0 0 0 0); }
  .vt-dateline { grid-template-columns: 1fr; text-align: center; gap: 2px; padding: 8px 0; }
  .vt-dateline__l { display: none; }
  .vt-dateline__r { text-align: center; font-size: 12px; }
  .vt-dateline__c { font-size: 15px; }
  .vt-nav { display: none; }
  .vt-mast--inner .vt-nav, .vt-mast--front .vt-nav { border-top: 1px solid var(--vt-ink); }
  .vt-nav.is-open { display: block; }
  .vt-nav::before { display: none; }
  .vt-nav__list { flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch; gap: 0; padding: 4px 0; }
  .vt-nav__list li + li { border-top: 1px solid var(--vt-hair); }
  .vt-nav a { display: block; padding: 13px 2px; border: 0; }
  .vt-nav a[aria-current="page"] { border: 0; }
  .vt-mast--front, .vt-mast--inner { border-bottom: 3px solid var(--vt-ink); }
  .vt-mast--inner .vt-wrap::after { display: none; }

  .vt-front { padding-top: 20px; }
  .vt-front__grid, .vt-front__grid--s0, .vt-front__grid--norail { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); grid-template-areas: "lead" "side" "rail"; }
  .vt-front__grid--s0 { grid-template-areas: "lead" "rail"; }
  .vt-front__grid--norail { grid-template-areas: "lead" "side"; }
  .vt-front__lead { padding: 0 0 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; }
  .vt-front__lead .vt-lead__media { aspect-ratio: 3 / 2; margin-left: calc(var(--vt-gutter) * -1); margin-right: calc(var(--vt-gutter) * -1); }
  .vt-front__side { padding: 0 0 24px; margin-bottom: 28px; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--vt-hair-strong); }
  .vt-front__rail { padding: 0; }
  .vt-lead .vt-hed--xl { font-size: 32px; }
  .vt-lead--text .vt-hed--xl { font-size: 36px; }
  .vt-lead--text .vt-dek--lead { font-size: 19px; }

  .vt-second { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 112px; gap: 0 16px; }
  .vt-second > * { grid-column: 1; }
  .vt-second__media { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1 / span 4; margin: 0; aspect-ratio: 1; }
  .vt-second .vt-dek { display: none; }
  .vt-second .vt-hed--m { font-size: 20px; }

  .vt-grid--3, .vt-grid--4 { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .vt-grid { row-gap: 26px; }
  .vt-grid > * { padding-bottom: 26px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--vt-hair); }
  .vt-grid > :last-child { border-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0; }
  .vt-card { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 104px; gap: 0 16px; }
  .vt-card > * { grid-column: 1; }
  .vt-card__media { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1 / span 4; margin: 0; aspect-ratio: 1; }
  .vt-card--text { display: block; }
  .vt-card .vt-dek.vt-clamp3 { display: none; }

  .vt-columnists { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .vt-columnists { row-gap: 0; }
  .vt-columnist { grid-template-columns: 64px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 16px; padding: 18px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--vt-hair); }
  .vt-columnist:first-child { border-top: 0; padding-top: 0; }
  .vt-columnist .vt-portrait--md { width: 64px; height: 64px; font-size: 23px; }

  .vt-index { columns: 1; }

  .vt-colcover img { aspect-ratio: 16 / 7; }
  .vt-colcover { padding: 0; }
  .vt-colhead { padding-top: 30px; }
  .vt-colhead--cover { padding-top: 0; }
  .vt-colhead__in { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 18px; text-align: center; justify-items: center; padding-bottom: 28px; }
  .vt-colhead--cover .vt-colhead__portrait { margin: -54px 0 0; }
  .vt-colhead--cover .vt-colhead__text { padding-top: 0; }
  .vt-colhead .vt-portrait--lg { width: 112px; height: 112px; font-size: 40px; }
  .vt-colhead__bio { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }
  .vt-colhead__meta { justify-content: center; gap: 8px 18px; margin-left: 0; clip-path: none; }
  .vt-colhead__meta li { padding-left: 0; border-left: 0; }
  .vt-tabs ul { gap: 12px 20px; }
  /* Small inline links get a 24px+ tap area without moving the layout. */
  .vt-kicker a, .vt-by a, .vt-latest__when a, .vt-meta a, .vt-tabs a, .vt-byline__name a, .vt-byline__meta a, .vt-colhead__meta a, .vt-crumbs a, .vt-eyebrow a { display: inline-block; padding-block: 5px; margin-block: -5px; }
  .vt-story__kicker a { display: inline-block; padding-top: 5px; margin-top: -5px; }
  .vt-textlink { padding-top: 5px; }
  .vt-tabs li + li::before { display: none; }
  .vt-lead .vt-meta__i--read, .vt-topiclead .vt-meta__i--read { display: none; }
  .vt-byline__meta .vt-meta__i--c { flex-basis: 100%; }
  .vt-byline__meta .vt-meta__i--c::before { display: none; }

  .vt-row__in, .vt-row--text .vt-row__in { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 96px; gap: 0 16px; padding: 22px 0; }
  .vt-row--text .vt-row__in { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .vt-row__date { grid-column: 1 / -1; margin-bottom: 10px; }
  .vt-stackdate { flex-direction: row; align-items: baseline; gap: 8px; border-top: 0; padding-top: 0; }
  .vt-stackdate__md { font-size: 15px; font-family: var(--vt-text); font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; }
  .vt-stackdate__y { margin: 0; }
  .vt-row__thumb { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 2; aspect-ratio: 1; }
  .vt-row__body .vt-dek { display: none; }
  .vt-hed--row { font-size: 21px; }

  .vt-pager { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .vt-pager__pos { grid-column: 1 / -1; grid-row: 1; text-align: center; }

  .vt-topichead { padding: 28px 0 24px; }
  .vt-pagehead { padding-top: 22px; }
  .vt-pagehead__in { padding-bottom: 26px; }

  .vt-story__figure { padding: 0; }
  .vt-byline { margin-top: 22px; }
  .vt-prose blockquote { padding: 26px 0 20px; }
  .vt-comment { grid-template-columns: 36px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 12px; }
  .vt-comment__avatar { width: 36px; height: 36px; font-size: 13px; }
  .vt-respond { margin-left: calc(var(--vt-gutter) * -1); margin-right: calc(var(--vt-gutter) * -1); padding-left: var(--vt-gutter); padding-right: var(--vt-gutter); }
  .vt-btn { width: 100%; }
  .vt-aboutwriter { grid-template-columns: 56px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 16px; }
  .vt-aboutwriter .vt-portrait--md { width: 56px; height: 56px; font-size: 20px; }

  .vt-bandhead__link { margin-left: 0; }
  .vt-notice__links { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .vt-notice__links li + li { border-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--vt-hair); }
  .vt-foot__grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 26px; padding: 36px 0 28px; }
  .vt-foot__col { padding-left: 0; border-left: 0; padding-top: 18px; border-top: 1px solid var(--vt-hair-strong); }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  *, *::before, *::after { transition-duration: .01ms !important; animation-duration: .01ms !important; animation-iteration-count: 1 !important; }
  a.vt-media:hover img { transform: none; }
}

@media print {
  .vt-mast .vt-nav, .vt-menu, .vt-respond, .vt-foot__grid nav, .vt-skip { display: none !important; }
  body { background: #fff; }
}